References
This page contains the key references used to inspire and inform the creation of the pictures released in 2023. These vary from symptom descriptions, to photographs with interesting leaf shapes or lesions!
References are presented in reverse chronological order, with the most recent painting at the top, progressing towards the oldest as you scroll down the page.
N.B. I sometimes pre-write the references for upcoming paintings. You can therefore use these to work out which plant diseases will be featured soon.
Cristulariella on Oak
Original photo by @UTPlantDoc, who thanked “Tom Kesling in GA for the specimens…”
Mistletoe2
Mistletoe: A Merry Parasite - Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay (allianceforthebay.org)
Haustorium : définition et explications (aquaportail.com)
Plants and… parasites – Plants and… (wordpress.com)
Cristulariella on Maple
Cristulariella depraedans - Wikipedia
Maple - Cristulariella Leaf - Cooperative Extension: Insect Pests, Ticks and Plant Diseases - University of Maine Cooperative Extension (umaine.edu) < N.B. this one shows evidence of concentric rings on maple!
Cristulariella depraedans – Plant Parasites of Europe (bladmineerders.nl)
Cristulariella leaf spot (Cristulariella depraedans) (invasive.org)
Online Atlas of Fungi in Northern Ireland (nifgdata.org.uk)
Cristulariella depraedans - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
Mistletoe
Mistletoe: A Merry Parasite - Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay (allianceforthebay.org)
Haustorium : définition et explications (aquaportail.com)
Plants and… parasites – Plants and… (wordpress.com)
Maize Tar Spot
Phyllachora maydis - Wikipedia
Tar Spot of Corn | Agronomic Crops Network (osu.edu)
Identifying Tar Spot in Corn (jungseedgenetics.com)
Tar Spot Of Corn: What To Know And New Research | Purdue University Pest&Crop newsletter
Split, Pinch And Push Stalks If Tar Spot Strikes Now | AgWeb
Tracking tar spot in Ontario - Country Guide (country-guide.ca)
Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium: The Natural Genetic Engineer 100 Years Later (apsnet.org)
What are those lumps on tree trunks? - silive.com
Crown Gall: Genetic Engineer | plantsdb (plantdiseases.org)
Crown Gall: Genetic Engineer | plantsdb (plantdiseases.org)
Phylloxera
Understanding (and Destroying) Grape Phylloxera - Growing Produce
Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera) | PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank
Grape Phylloxera | Oklahoma State University (okstate.edu)
Mycena citrigolor
Mycena citricolor (American leaf spot of coffee) | PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank
Mycena citricolor · iNaturalist Guatemala
Soysoap BioBased.US Panama, Soysoap-100 "Mycena Citricolor or Coffee Rust"
Cercospora coffeicola
Mycosphaerella coffeicola - Wikipedia
Cercospora Leaf Spot and Berry Blotch of Coffee (hawaii.edu)
Fact sheet - Coffee brown-eye spot (142) (lucidcentral.org)
How to grow your own coffee | (gardendrum.com)
Grey Field Slug
Deroceras reticulatum - Wikipedia
Grey field slug | John Innes Centre (jic.ac.uk)
Bug o’the Week – Gray Field Slug – Riveredge Nature Center
Unglamorous vegetables: swede - Great British Chefs
Swede - Roast Root Vegetables with Herbs - Clinks Care Farm
Seed to Feed Me: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TURNIP AND A SWEDE?
Chilli Anthracnose
Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species - PMC (nih.gov)
Chilli Cercospora Leaf Spot | Pests & Diseases (plantix.net)
Frontiers | Chilli Anthracnose: The Epidemiology and Management (frontiersin.org)
Breeding for Anthracnose Disease Resistance in Chili: Progress and Prospects - PubMed (nih.gov)
Cherry Oak Gall
Cynips quercusfolii - Wikipedia
English Oak | Quercus robur (tree-guide.com)
English Oak (Quercus robur) - British Trees - Woodland Trust
Random Jottings: Some Gall (stephens-views.blogspot.com)
Cherries on an Oak – David at the HALL of EINAR
Maize Lethal Necrosis
Maize lethal necrosis disease - Wikipedia
Maize lethal necrosis | CABI Compendium (cabidigitallibrary.org)
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease | Pests & Diseases (plantix.net)
MLN-FLYER-final-complete.pdf (cimmyt.org)
Cucumber downy mildew
Pseudoperonospora cubensis - Wikipedia
11 Common Cucumber Growing Problems & How To Fix Them (ruralsprout.com)
Managing Downy Mildew in Cucumbers (bayer.com)
Cannabis Powdery Mildew
Podosphaera macularis - Wikipedia
Golovinomyces ambrosiae - Wikipedia
Leveillula taurica - Wikipedia
List of hemp diseases - Wikipedia
What is full spectrum marijuana? 10 new-ish cannabis terms you need to know. (denverpost.com)
Anatomy of the Cannabis Plant: From Roots to Pistils - Sensi Seeds
How can powdery mildew on cannabis be managed? - Greenhouse Canada
What’s the difference between male & female cannabis plants? - CannaConnection
Peronospora jaapiana
Rhubarb downy mildew.pdf (windows.net)
Florez Nursery: Plant pathology:Leaf spot diseases on Rhubarb
Didymella rhei
Fulltext – The Korean Journal of Mycology (Kor. J. Mycol.) (kjmycology.or.kr)
First report of Didymella rhei causing leaf spot on rhubarb in New York. (cabi.org)
PDIS-03-22-0573-PDN.sf1 (apsnet.org)
Ramularia rhei
Ramularia leaf spot of rhubarb (agrobaseapp.com)
Rhubarb Leaf-spot | NatureSpot
MycoDB : Fiche de Ramularia rubella
Box Blight
Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Buxus blight) | CABI Compendium (cabidigitallibrary.org)
Boxwood Blight in DE MD PA NJ | Plant Diagnostic Health Topics (udel.edu)
Boxwood Blight – Be on the Look-Out (purduelandscapereport.org)
Boxwood Blight Disease - Information About Treatment Of Boxwood Blight (gardeningknowhow.com)
Xylella on Grape
Pest-Factsheet-Xylella-fastidiosa-.pdf (defra.gov.uk)
ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/grape/pierces-disease/
bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) (invasive.org)
Northern Corn Leaf Blight
Northern corn leaf blight - Wikipedia
Setosphaeria turcica - Wikipedia
Northern Corn Leaf Blight (croptechcafe.org)
Northern Corn Leaf Blight | Texas Row Crops Newsletter (agrilife.org)
Pest & Crop Newsletter (purdue.edu)
Differentiating Corn Leaf Diseases | CropWatch | University of Nebraska–Lincoln (unl.edu)
Managing Northern Corn Leaf Blight (fontanelle.com)
KTIC Radio Extension Corner: Northern Corn Leaf Blight is Back (croptechcafe.org)
Grape Sour Rot
Sour Rot Disorder of Grape | Ohioline (osu.edu)
The secrets of sour rot - Good Fruit Grower
Don't Let Grape Bunch Rots Spoil Your 2020 Harvest (umn.edu)
Studying the rot of the problem - Good Fruit Grower
Fusarium Head Blight
Fusarium ear blight - Wikipedia
Fusarium Head Blight (Scab) of Wheat: Things to Consider when Harvesting (purdue.edu)
Diagnosing fusarium head blight in cereals | Agriculture and Food
Fusarium head blight as bad as it sounds - Grainews
Fusarium head blight – The Andersons (andersonscanada.com)
Fusarium head blight (apsnet.org)
Fusarium head blight – Overview | Alberta.ca
Olive Peacock Spot
Spilocaea oleaginea - Wikipedia
What is Peacock Spot in Olives? - Amanda Bailey on Olives by The Olive Centre
Pests and diseases - The Norfolk Olive Tree Company
olivebiz.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Tutorial-8-Peacock-Spot.pdf
Banana Bunchy Top Virus - Version 2
banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) (Babuvirus Banana bunchy top virus) (ipmimages.org)
Banana bunchy top virus - Wikipedia
Banana bunchy top disease | Infonet Biovision Home. (infonet-biovision.org)
Update: New Pest & Disease Records (06 Mar 13) – PlantwisePlus Blog
Banana Bunchy Top Disease (slideshare.net)
More about Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) – Plant Scope (leafplanttech.com)
Banana Bunchy Top Virus - Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC)
Banana Bunchy Top Virus - Agdia EMEA (agdia-emea.com)
Wheat Stem Rust
Internal structure of Monocot stem - Online Biology Notes
Eukaryotic Cell - The Definitive Guide | Biology Dictionary
Wheat stem, light micrograph - Stock Image - C002/7679 - Science Photo Library
Puccinia Graminis: Introduction, Vegetative Body and Life History (biologydiscussion.com)
1045748246Puccinia for B.Sc. part 1 (subs. and Hons. students).pdf (marwaricollege.ac.in)
Puccinia graminis - Stock Image - C027/7986 - Science Photo Library
Puccinia graminis - Stock Image - C027/7987 - Science Photo Library
Puccinia rust fungus on wheat, LM - Stock Image - B275/0053 - Science Photo Library
Bean Rust
Phaseolus vulgaris - Wikipedia
Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust) | PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank
dry bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) (forestryimages.org)
dry bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) (forestryimages.org)
dry bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) (ipmimages.org)
Xanthomonas oryzae
Rice bacterial blight | Description, Symptoms, & Control | Britannica
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae - Wikipedia
New strategies to save the world’s most indispensable grain | News (ucr.edu)
Bacterial leaf blight of Rice (digitrac.in)
Fact sheet - Rice bacterial leaf blight (418) (lucidcentral.org)
Bacterial blight - IRRI Rice Knowledge Bank
Millet Smut
Smut Disease of Pearl Millet | agropedia (iitk.ac.in)
16. Smut of pearl millet. | Download Scientific Diagram (researchgate.net)
(PDF) DISEASES OF MILLETS a ready reckoner (researchgate.net)
PEARL MILLET (BAJRA) DISEASE- SYMPTOMS & CONTROL - Agriculture Wale
Ergot on Barley
Xylella on Olive
Threat of Xylella Fastidiosa - 7 Reasons Why You Should Care (biovexo.eu)
Citrus Canker
Citrus Canker in Northwest Florida - UF/IFAS Extension Santa Rosa County (ufl.edu)
Peanut Rust
Peanut rust (034) (lucidcentral.org)
Fact sheet - Peanut rust (034) (lucidcentral.org)
Peanut rust | Host: Peanut (Arachis hypogea) | Pathogen: Puc… | Flickr
Groundnut Rust disease | Download Scientific Diagram (researchgate.net)
Peanut Rust | Pests & Diseases (plantix.net)
Peanut (groundnut) | Diseases and Pests, Description, Uses, Propagation (psu.edu)
Wheat Stripe Rust
Yellow rust symptoms and management in wheat | AHDB
Stripe rust: A new challenge to wheat yield in New York – What's Cropping Up? Blog (cornell.edu)
Stripe Rust | Washington State University (wsu.edu)
Wheat-Development-and-Growth.pdf
Ascochyta pinodes and pisi blight on pea
Symptom descriptions and the differences between A. pisi (telemorph Didymella pisi) and A. pinodes (telemorph Mycosphaerella pinodes, synonym Sphaerella pinodes).
QuantiPest - Ascochyta blight on pea (inrae.fr)
Didymella pisi sp. nov., the teleomorph of Ascochyta pisi (usda.gov)
Ascochyta Blight of Peas (apsnet.org)
Pea blight, leaf and pod spot | Koppert Global
QuantiPest - Assessment of ascochyta blight on pea (inrae.fr)
Field Pea - Foliar Diseases - Alberta Pulse Growers
Ascochyta blight | Infonet Biovision Home. (infonet-biovision.org)
Ascochyta Leaf and Pod Spot (bayer.co.uk)
Ascochyta diseases of pea - Wikipedia
Growing Peas: How to Plant, Grow, and Harvest Peas | The Old Farmer's Almanac
13 Pea Plant Problems and How To Fix Them (morningchores.com)
Twister Disease of Onions
Onion (Allium cepa)-Twister | Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks (pnwhandbooks.org)
Onion: Diseases and Symptoms — Vikaspedia
EWS Plant Doctor | Anthracnose / Twister (eastwestseed.com)
Strawberry Neopestalotiopsis
Pest Alert: Neopestalotiopsis – an emerging strawberry disease in North America – ONfruit
Asparagus Phytopthora rot
How to Plant Asparagus (practicalselfreliance.com)
Phytophthora rot in asparagus – be aware and prepare | AHDB
Phytophthora in asparagus: Know the symptoms - MSU Extension
How to Identify and Control Asparagus Diseases | Gardener’s Path (gardenerspath.com)
Management of Phytophthora rot on UK asparagus crops | AHDB
Ascochyta Chickpea Blight
Scouting in Garbanzo Beans - UC Dry Bean Research and Information (ucanr.edu)
Growers to check their chickpeas for Ascochyta Blight (nsw.gov.au)
Ascochyta blight of chickpea | ANU Research School of Biology
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Tomato Diseases: How to Identify and Treat Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (tomatodirt.com)
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (sdstate.edu)
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus | Public | Clemson University, South Carolina
How to Identify, Treat and Prevent Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (thespruce.com)
Tomato spotted wilt can be a northern vegetable problem - MSU Extension
Why Tomato Leaves Have That Unique Smell – Garden Betty
Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus
Barosor, il pomodoro di Syngenta resistente al Tomato brown virus
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV)
THE FIRST CASE OF TOMATO "BROWN RUGOSE FRUIT" VIRUS HAS BEEN DETECTED IN SPAIN
https://specialtycropindustry.com/tomtato-rugose-fruit-virus-florida/
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV): A new concern for tomato and pepper producers
Coffee Rust
Purdue mycologist studies the systematics of coffee rust fungi, Comunicaffe, Brian Wallheimer
Coffee Leaf Rust Pest confirmed on Maui and tentatively on Hawai`i Island
Geisha, Bourbon, & More: How to Identify 6 Coffee Varieties
Citrus Leprosis
Citrus Leprosis Disease, Wikipedia
Stay Aware of Citrus Leprosis Symptoms, Citrus Industry
Citrus Leprosis Poses a Threat to Florida, Citrus Industry
Citrus Leprosis Virus C and Citrus Leprosis Virus N, Pest Report, NAPPO (2015)
Citrus Leprosis Disease Pest Profile
Microbotryum Anther Smut
Microbotryum violaceum, Wikipedia
Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae, Nature Spot
Microbotryum silenes-dioicae - Campion Anther Smut (Ustilaginomycota), APHOTOFUNGI
Silene dioica - Red Campion, First Nature
Soybean Rust
Soybean Rust, UMN Extension, Dean Malvick
Soybean Rust of Soybean, Crop Protection Network
Frogeye of Soybean
Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybean, UMN Extension, Dean Malvick
Frogeye Leaf Spot, UNL Cropwatch, Loren Giesler, Asha Mane, Sydney Everhart and Tamara Jackson-Ziems
Frogeye Leaf Spot: Should I Spray? (2019)
Sugarcane Whip Smut
TNAU Agritech Portal, Smut: Ustilago scitaminea
Sugar Research Australia, Sugarcane Smut Information Sheet IS13012
Peanut Leaf Spots
Mycosphaerella arachidis (early leaf spot of groundnut)
Groundnut: Tikka disease : Plantlet
Soilcropandmore Peanut Disease Atlas
LEAF SPOT OR TIKKA DISEASE OF GROUNDNUT, slideshare, AbFahim
Cotton Angular Leaf Spot
Angular Leaf Spot of Cotton Paper 403 C, Yunus Khan, Slideshare